Full flow oil filter



July 8, 1952 c. w. FLOSS ETAL FULL FLOW OIL FILTER 2 SHEETSSHEET 1 Filed Sept. 19, 1947 C W FLOSS J. K. GILBERT INVENTORS 662m fW M AT TORNEYS.

' Patented July 8, 19 52 j, UNITED sTAr s. PATENT OFFICE" Carl-W. Floss, Grosse Pointe, anditlulian K; Gil- I hert, Dearborn, Mich., asslgnors to Ford Motor .Company, Dearborn, Mich, "a corporation of Delaware Application September 2 Claims. (01. 210 164) F This application iscOncerned-With-the art of filteringlubricating oil, and more particularly with an oil filter adapted td-filter'the lubricant course independent of the filtration system so.

that at best only a small portion "oftheoil in the system was in the process of filtration at any onetime Recently there has been a tendency to replace the above-described sampling or by-pass filter arrangementwith the'so-called full flow" filter system. In' this system, normal'ope'ration contemplates that all of the oil reaching the movlug-parts of" the engine must first pass through the filter. Thus only clean oil can normally reach'the moving parts and a reduction "in engine wear is achieved. The instant application is concerned with this full flow type offilter.

It is immediately apparent that unless some provision to the contrary is made, the eventual clogging up of af ul1 flow oil -filter will result in a cessation of the flow of oil to the moving parts and consequent injury or destruction of the engine. Many expedients have 1 been suggested and tried to circumvent this difficulty, with varying degrees of success. In the instant invention, applicant has provided a novel arrangement for eliminating'this trouble in full flow oil filters.

Accordingly; it is-an object of this invention to provide. a full flow oil filter in which it is impossible for clogging of the filtering element to result in a failure of the oil supply to the moving parts.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a full flow oil filter in which the entire filter assembly remains full of oil even when the engine is inoperative for long periods of time.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a full flow oil filter with a continuous bleed opening to provide for a rapid warming of the filter during cold weather operation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a full flow oil filter in-which the presence in such a position that the oil supply to the engine would be interrupted.

19, 1947, se -mm. 775,068

. lar'space between 1 pipe l3 and the; interioroi With these and other objects in view, the in vention comprises the arrangements, constructions, and combinations of the various elements of the structure described in the specification,-

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic showing of the valve mechanism when the pressure "generated bythe oil pump is verylow or when such-pressurel-szero. I

Figure 4 is similar to Figure'ii and shows the valve positions when operating-with a cle'anfil tering element.

"Figure 5 is similar to Figure 3 and shows valve' positions when operating witlra dlrtyabut still operable filterin'gelement.

Figure 6 issimilar to Figure 3 and shows the valve position-s when'operating with a clogged andinoperable filtering element.

The vertical cross section shown in .Figure -1' depicts cylindrical container 10 supported by;

gasket 'H on base casting I2. Central. pipe it issecured to base" casting l2 and extends vertically-to a point-just beneath the top .of 'container 'lfl. The-upper end of central plp'e.|3-:is threaded internally to receive bolt :14 which is normally surrounded by spiral spring l5... Spiral spring I5 rests upon metalwasher l6 which in turn rests upon gasket l1. Cylindrical filterelee ment I8 is thus resiliently supported between gasket J! at its upper surface andgasket l9 at its lower surface. Bolt I4 is vertically slottedeto provied slot '20 opening into J space 2|. The lower boundary of space 2| is disc 22 in which: is drilled? metering orifice 23. The lower 'end of central pipe l3 opens into conduit 24 which'tere minates against a corresponding openingin the engine-block which leads to the crankcase;

Figure 2- depicts a section of the valve mechanism and base casting taken along the lined-4 of Figure 1. Face'25 of basecasting I2 is Inachined to be roughly parallel to the axisof central pipe l3 and contains apertures designeditc discharge oil from and return oil;to the filtering element. Face 25 in service is bolted against a corresponding race machined in the engine block. --Oil is received from theoil pump into compartmentZS and discharged to the moving parts of the engine through compartment 21. In normal operation the oil received into compartment 26 flows past spring loaded check valve 28 into space 29 as shown by the solid arrows. Y I

Space '29 connects directly with the annular space between container 10 and filter element [8 and then flows inwardly and radially through filter element l8 and discharges into the annus filter element. {3}"; This last-mentioned"annular From space-38 thepace mates 'wi'th space 3H. filtered lubricant flows past spring loaded valve 3| and into compartment 2'! and thence into the. l By-pass valve 32 is,

oil gallery of the engine. provided to enable the lubrication system or the engine to function under abnormalconditio ns,

In its open position, by-pass32 providesa direct channel of cummunication from Compartment 26 to compartment 27 without. thenecessity of passage through filter element 183By pa'ss' valve 32 comprises a dumbbell shaped member piston-.35"; remote from? face is open to and acted uponzbysthe lubricantpressure existing in space-395 This force, opposes theforoe exerted by spring 36 andten'dstdelose by-pass valve 32"; The tension oi-springit; and the area-of piston Sit-arose; selected that oil will flow as incheated by the broken arrows whenever the presun'derstoodz- Fi'gure 3 represents the valvemechaa nism in the'positions assumed when then'iotor-is stdppedi-o'r idling, or, when for any reason the oil pressureis verylow; .Under these circumstances spring 36 forces by-pass valve-32 into afully open positionrandypermits 'a' copious-direct flow from compartment'726 tofcompartment 21 even under low oil pressure. Under these circumstances no flow oroil will-occur through filter element wand the enginezwill havethe-full benefit of rall of the oil available from the oil pump. :11; will be noted 4 inchjiwi ll permit' by-pass j valve:-3; (to open and conductoil directly frorricompartment 26 120 compartment 21. This condition has been illustrated in Figure 6 in which the operation of the filter -;with.;; an; abnormally dirty filtering element is shown. To cause the valves to assume the positi'dnjshoyvn; the pressure drop through the filtering'elemeint would be such as to give a pressure on the downstream, side of 25 pounds per square inch. This pressure is insuificient to hold bypass valve 32"closedagainst the spring pressure and oil passes directly through the valve. 31 of course closes and prevents oil from reaching the downstream side of thefilter element except-bypassing through the element. In this way fluetuation of by-passvalve 32 is avoided.

.As shown in Figure 1, slot20 and metering orifice-23. are provided, especially for rapidwarm-up in cold Weather. Ihis arrangement provides ion a small but continuous .shuntfiow oi-warm oil fromthe crankcase :over the exterior of. the filtering, element, through slot 20; and metering orifice.

23- and: thence back to -the crankcase. This flow is too-smallt0interiere with the op ration of the lubrication system or the oil. filtenbut is adequate to provide for a rapid warming of the filtering element: from cold starts.

,We clainrascurinvehtion;v I

l. A full flow oil filter comprising an. an. inlet, an oil outlet, a check-valvelocated in the oil inlet and another checl; valve located in the oil outlet, and a by-pass valve interconnecting the oil inlet and the oil outlet and shunting the oil. filtering elemenhrsaidby-pass; valve being spring biased into a pOsitionpermitting freefiow between the oil inlet and-the oil outlet until the. oil pressure; in the. oil outlethas reached aprede-z termined minimum and being arranged to shut that valvesx28f-and3l ,-are closed and hence the.

oil filter will not drain into the crankcase when themotoitis'rnot -running; Thisds adecidedad- Y vanta'gysiiice. otherwise no oil wouldbe available to'the bearing after'starting until the oil pump had' refilled the oilafilter, Thus theengine would beldeprived or oil immediately at starting, a time whenioil is'most urgently; needed. 1 Figure'eshows'the positionof the valves duringinormalsoperation with a clean filter element. With a clean filter element, the pressure drop through the? element should not greatly exceed twopounds perrsquare inch-. r l'hus a pressure in compartmentv 26 .of pounds per. square. inch would give=apressure in compartment 2? of about 48 pounds: per: square incln Thishighpressure will-forcesbyspass valve- 32' completely-closed against:thei'spring'pressureand compel all lubricant to pass through thelfiltering medium before entering'the engine. It will be noted that this oil flow-has. causedvalves 28 tand-al-to open.

-"Figure 5 depicts normal engine operation with.

off oilfiow through the by-pass when the oil pressure in ,the oiloutlet exceeds the predetermined 1mnqirnu m i 1 V --2. :A ifu11 flOW' oil filter comprising an oil inlet, an, oil outlet, a check valve located in the oil inlet and-another check valveloca'ted in the oil outlet, anda layass Valve interconnecting the oil inlet and: the oil outlet, andshunting the oil. filtering element, said by-pass'valve comprising a dumb- 1 .REZIVPERENCES CITED.

The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

, UNITED STATES PATENT-S Number- Name Date 1,943,479 Caminez Feb. 20; 1934 1,969,033 Redner Aug. 7, 1934 2,056,756 Wi'edhofit J Oct. 6, 1936 2,106,863 Whitney Feb/1, 1938 2,134,335 Winslow 1 Oct. 25,1933 2253,6234 :Burckhalter Aug. 26, 1941 2,365,763 Levie'r Dec. 26, 1944 2,423,329 Le Clair ,July 1, 1947 2,429,321 La Brecque Oct.' 21, 1947 Valve 

